Large-scale comparative genomics and population genetics studies generate enormous amounts of data in the form of DNA variants. Ultimately, many of these studies aim to associate genetic variants with phenotypes or fitness. However, phenotypic association studies are hampered due to a lack of automatic, generalised and data-integrative tools. Here we introduce VIVID, an interactive, user-friendly web application that integrates a wide range of approaches for associating genotypic to phenotypic information in any organism, from an individual or population, in three-dimensional (3D) structure of the encoded protein.
VIVID integrates published algorithms, tools and databases that allow mutation mapping and annotation, calculation of interactions and conservation scores, prediction of deleterious effects, analysis of diversity and selection, and 3D visualisation of genotypic information encoded in Variant Call Format (VCF) on AlphaFold2 protein models.
VIVID supports improved visualisation, analysis and understanding of how mutations impact protein structure and function in any organism. It can colour any protein model based on localised differences in population genetic metrics, enabling users to visualise protein evolution in 3D and identify genomic regions under selection. It allows the rapid assessment of genes of interest in studying adaptive evolution and the genetic load and helps prioritise targets for experimental validation. We have demonstrated the utility of VIVID by exploring the evolutionary genetics of Plasmodium falciparum and SARS-CoV-2 by revealing spatial and temporal variation in the signature of selection in potential targets of functional antibodies.
VIVID is a valuable resource to the research community working in population genetics, evolutionary genomics and protein structural biology. It allows users to visualise genomic mutations for their impact on protein structure, function, and evolution. VIVID is freely available at http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/vivid.